Nutrition Benchmark Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which vitamin is described as supporting tissue healing, immune functions, and iron absorption, found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, peppers, green leafy vegetables, and strawberries, with deficiency causing scurvy, and where ill or smokers should increase daily dose?
• Which mineral is essential for immune cell development and wound healing, with deficiency impairing immunity and recovery?
• What food safety guidance is advised for cancer patients with immunosuppression?
• What describes the regular diet?
• Which vitamin is found in liver, dark green leafy vegetables, orange juice, legumes, and fortified foods?
• What per-meal protein amount is suggested to optimize muscle protein synthesis?
• Which mineral's absorption is enhanced by vitamin C?
• In chronic kidney disease, which electrolyte disturbance is commonly observed due to reduced renal excretion?
• What does AMDR stand for in the DRI framework?
• What does the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) framework include?
• Which option demonstrates a sign of malnutrition: brittle hair?
• How is glycemic load calculated and used in meal planning?
• Which practice is recommended after meals for a patient with dumping syndrome?
• Which combination describes a typical dysphagia diet?
• CKD -- restrict ________ to 1 serving per day; found in PB, dried beans, soda, bran, chocolate, beer.
• How many essential amino acids are required in the human diet, and what does 'essential' mean?
• What is the mechanical soft diet?
• In the second trimester of pregnancy, additional daily calories are approximately how many kilocalories?
• What are the 8 B complex vitamins?
• Deficiency of which vitamin can cause vision changes, GI disturbances, and hyperkeratosis?
• During the third trimester of pregnancy, approximately how many kilocalories per day are recommended?
• Which statement about the thermic effect of food is correct?
• Which sign of malnutrition relates to wound healing?
• This mineral is found in oranges, dried fruits, tomatoes, avocados, dried peas, meats, broccoli, bananas, dairy, whole grains, and potato.
• One of the primary functions of vitamin D is to regulate the metabolism of which minerals for bone mineralization?
• Which statement describes a clear liquid diet?
• In fat soluble vitamins, absorption is affected in patients who have _________?
• Which item is a quick-acting carbohydrate used to treat hypoglycemia?
• Which statement best defines nutrient-dense foods?
• What is the general daily limit for sodium intake for adults?
• Which statement correctly compares pre-dialysis and post-dialysis protein needs in CKD?
• Which fatty acids are associated with anti-inflammatory effects and are found in fish?
• Which vitamin is not fat-soluble?
• What is the generally accepted safe rate of weight loss per week?
• How is protein-energy malnutrition typically classified, and what are the hallmark features of its main forms?
• Excess consumption of which vitamin can lead to hypercalcemia?
• During the third trimester of pregnancy, approximately how many kilocalories above baseline are recommended daily?
• Which of the following factors is NOT known to increase BMR?
• People with ESRD may need which supplements because reduced phosphorus foods can lower calcium and impair vitamin D activation?
• What is the primary energy yield per gram for carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol, respectively?
• A BMI greater than 30 is classified as which category?
• Which of the following is a sign of malnutrition?
• Which statement best describes the growth pattern of a newborn's birth weight?
• Which sign of malnutrition involves enlargement of the spleen or liver?
• Which B-complex vitamin supports cell function, found in meats, legumes, milk, whole grains, with deficiency causing anemia, and used as a supplement to treat nausea?
• Which statement best defines a complete dietary protein?
• Protein status is assessed using which labs?
• Nursing interventions for CKD include which of the following?
• For cancer patients experiencing fatigue, which feeding strategy is advised?
• Which diet is a regular diet with texture modification to aid chewing?
• Which description best characterizes the overall condition in malnutrition?
• Which statement about non-heme iron absorption and vitamin C is correct?
• What is the pureed diet?
• Which description best characterizes a dysphagia diet?
• Which micronutrient deficiency is most commonly identified in pregnancy and is associated with neural tube defects?
• Which of the following are examples of quick-acting carbohydrates used to treat hypoglycemia?
• What is the soft diet?
• Why are antioxidants important and which foods are common sources?
• Which vitamin maintains blood calcium and phosphorus, bone development, and helps with calcium absorption; sources include fish, fortified dairy, egg yolks, and sunlight; excess can cause hypercalcemia?
• Which beverage can interact with the metabolism of some medications, increasing their blood levels?
• Why can you not feed toddler's honey?
• This mineral is found in dairy, broccoli, kale, fortified grains.
• Ill patients and smokers should increase daily intake of which vitamin to counter oxidative stress?
• Limit juice (for toddlers) to how much per day?
• Briefly describe how glucose homeostasis is regulated between fasting and fed states.
• A CKD patient weighing 60 kg has pre-dialysis protein needs in g/day. Which range is correct?
• What is the maximum recommended storage time for freshly expressed breast milk in the freezer?
• For cancer patients experiencing nausea and vomiting, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
• This mineral is found in meats, fish, grains, legumes, and vegetables, and needs vitamin C for absorption.
• Differentiate between enteral and parenteral nutrition and give a clinical scenario for each.
• Which of the following is an indicator that an infant is ready for solid foods?
• Newborn growth: which statement is correct?
• Which vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?
• What is the healthy BMI range?
• What best defines basal metabolic rate (BMR) and which factors influence it?
• How does hydration status affect exercise performance and what is a practical strategy?
• Name three micronutrient deficiencies commonly identified in pregnancy and the risks if untreated.
• Dumping syndrome and gallbladder problems require a diet low in which nutrient?
• Thickened liquids in dysphagia management primarily help by
• Opened baby food in the fridge should be discarded after how long?
• Describe the DASH dietary pattern and its primary health goal.
• Which vitamins leave the body quickly?
• Describe the concepts of glycemic index and glycemic load and how they’re used in meal planning.
• Which compound found in aged cheese, smoked meats, and overripe avocados can cause a hypertensive crisis in patients taking an MAOI?
• Newborn feeding frequency and duration per breast?
• In dysphagia nutrition, which aspect is commonly adjusted to reduce aspiration risk?
• For cancer patients experiencing fatigue, which strategy helps maintain intake without overexertion?
• Nephrolithiasis commonly forms stones composed of which substance, with risk factors including dehydration and high urinary pH?
• To reduce the risk of uric acid stones, limit intake of which compounds found in lean meats, organ meats, whole grains, and legumes?
• CKD -- what is the meat limitation for males and females?
• Which statement about parenteral nutrition is true?
• In metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria, what HDL threshold values are used?
• What is nitrogen balance and what does positive versus negative balance signify?
• Differentiate between probiotics and prebiotics with examples.
• What are the current recommendations for folate intake during pregnancy?
• Vitamin K is primarily involved in which physiological function?
• Which condition increases the risk of nephrolithiasis?
• Which statement about choline is true?
• Which factor is included in EER but not in BMR calculations?
• Which B-complex vitamin is essential for RBC maturation and activation of folate?
• What are the roles of EPA and DHA in cardiovascular health?
• Pernicious anemia is a deficiency of which nutrient?
• Which lipoprotein transports endogenous triglycerides from the liver to tissues?
• How many kilojoules are in 1 kilocalorie?
• Among the components of total energy expenditure, which typically contributes the most energy expenditure in a person at rest?
• Which diet would be most appropriate for someone needing gentle digestion with minimal fiber?
• Which combination of criteria defines metabolic syndrome when present in at least three?
• In managing dysphagia, the diet may require pureed foods and thickened liquids.
• Breastmilk storage: how long is it safe in the fridge and in the freezer?
• What is the typical serving size for a toddler per year of age?
• For cancer patients with mouth ulcers or stomatitis, which oral care and dietary adjustments are recommended?
• Pre-dialysis protein needs? after dialysis protein needs?
• Micronutrient deficiencies can affect growth and development in children. Which statement best describes this impact?
• Which sequence correctly lists the five steps of the nutrition care process used in clinical nutrition?
• Which statement accurately describes a dysphagia diet for someone with swallowing difficulties?
• What are the major roles of water in the body and the recommended daily intake for adults?
• Which B-complex vitamin is needed to prevent neural tube defects and is found in liver and leafy greens?
• How do fat-soluble vitamins differ from water-soluble vitamins in terms of storage and toxicity risk?
• HbA1c is interpreted for diabetes screening. Which ranges define normal, prediabetes, and diabetes?
• Which of the following is a nutrient-dense food?
• How does distributing protein evenly across meals affect muscle protein synthesis?
• What is the relationship between folate and neural tube defect prevention and preconception intake?
• What is the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and how does it differ from BMR?
• Which vitamin is an antioxidant that helps prevent damage to lung and red blood cell membranes and is found in vegetable oils and certain nuts?
• Which populations are at highest risk for calcium deficiency and what are common strategies to prevent it?
• Which vitamins are water-soluble?
• Which B-complex vitamin is associated with metabolism of fats, glucose, ETOH, and lipid management, found in legumes, meats, milk, whole grains, and supplements often cause flushing?
• This mineral is found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, tuna, halibut, and chocolate.
• Open baby food can storage in the fridge: how long is it safe?
• Which statement best describes insulin’s role in the fed state?
• In a dysphagia diet, liquids may need to be thickened to what texture?
• Which intervention supports hydration for cancer patients with diarrhea?
• As CKD progresses, how should the recommended protein intake change?
• Which statement accurately reflects water’s role and intake recommendations?
• Describe the liver’s role in lipid metabolism, including VLDL production.
• In dietary management for ESRD, what percent of protein intake should come from complete protein sources such as eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, and soy?
• What role does dietary fiber play in cardiovascular health and glycemic control?
• What is the purpose of the Nutrition Facts label and what baseline is used to calculate Daily Values?
• How are macronutrients and micronutrients distinguished, with examples?
• Which type of foods can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin?
• Which vitamins hang around in the body leaving the potential for toxicity?
• Pyridoxine is used to treat nausea. Which vitamin category is it?
• Which statement about omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids is true?
• Some individuals may benefit from a lower sodium target than the general recommendation. Which is a common example?
• For cancer patients experiencing anorexia, which strategies are recommended?
• Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
• Which of the following foods is commonly restricted due to containing phosphorus and is listed among CKD dietary considerations?
• What is the full liquid diet?
• What is iron’s role in the body and how is iron absorbed (heme vs non-heme)?
• What is a key objective of the dysphagia diet?
• Which vitamin supplement is often associated with flushing as a side effect?
• Explain what glycemic load reflects.
• What is the recommended daily folate intake for nonpregnant adults according to the guidelines?
• High ______ foods decrease the effectiveness of Levodopa and Carbidopa.
• Post-dialysis protein needs are in the range of which of the following?
• Which diet consists of liquids or pureed foods?
• In chronic kidney disease, which electrolyte disturbance is caused by phosphate retention?
• Which statement best describes a key characteristic of the DASH dietary pattern?
• Which vitamin assists with blood clotting and bone maintenance and is the antidote for warfarin; newborns routinely receive this injection and it is found in carrots, eggs, and dark green vegetables?
• Which dietary component inhibits non-heme iron absorption?
• What are the preferred sources of protein for a patient with CKD?
• Preserve kidney function through limiting protein to how many g/kg/day?
• During lactation, the approximate daily caloric requirement is how many kilocalories?
• Which measures are commonly used beyond BMI to assess body composition and health risk?
• Which statement best describes a hallmark of a dysphagia diet?
• Pts w _________ should be careful on dosing with fat soluble vitamins?
• Which statement about older adults' nutrition is correct?
• Which item is NOT typically part of a dysphagia diet?
• Which term describes protein sources such as eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, and soy that provide all essential amino acids?
• What BMI range is considered overweight?
• Thickened liquids are designed to
• Which of the following is a sign of malnutrition?
• To reduce aspiration risk, which approach is typically recommended?
• Which measure is a key indicator of central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk?
• Which diet is described as normal with no restrictions?
• Which two micronutrients are particularly important in vegetarian diets, and how can deficiencies be prevented?
• Which nursing interventions are recommended to help prevent nephrolithiasis?
• What is the recommended amount of quick-acting carbohydrates used to treat hypoglycemia?
• Which of the following is a safe component of a dysphagia diet?
• What texture is commonly recommended in a dysphagia diet?
• Why is vitamin B12 deficiency particularly a concern for vegetarians and how can it be prevented?
• Which plant-based combination provides a complete essential amino acid profile?
• Which of the following is a common nutrition problem affecting older adults?
• What is iodine’s role in thyroid hormone synthesis and the consequences of deficiency?
• Preschool (3-6 years) should eat from all food groups and need how much protein per day?
• Which combination best describes typical modifications for dysphagia?
• What is the toddler juice daily limit?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for activating vitamin D to its active form?
• Which diet is prescribed when a patient cannot swallow solids but can consume liquids?